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In issue 309 -
When an Older Parrot Has Never Learned Skilful Flight – Complete Psittacine by Eb Cravens
In issue 309 -
Scarlet Macaws – were they really bred by indigenous people in the 12th century? Rosemary Low asks the question
In issue 309 -
Understanding the link between nutrition, hormonal behaviours and the avian endocrine system, Part 1 – The Holistic Parrot by Leslie Moran
In issue 309 -
The Yellow-eared Parrot – continues to expand its range in Colombia. By David Waugh, Correspondent, Loro Parque Fundación
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Proventricular Dilatation Disease

Spreads for web 1

Update on cause, diagnosis and management
by Tom Dutton BVM&S CertAVP(ZM) DipECZM(avian) MRCVS

Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) is predominantly a disease of pet psittacines and is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in parrots in the UK and elsewhere. Species other than psittacines have also been affected and the role of wildlife acting at a reservoir is still being investigated. PDD is a potentially fatal neurologic disease that uniquely affects the gastrointestinal and nervous system.

Avian bornavirus (ABV) has been identified as the cause of Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) in psittacines. The clinical signs relate to an immune mediated reaction to the virus. Gangliocides are produced which cause changes to the nerves which leads to disease. Many healthy birds are infected with ABV, but the development of PDD in such cases is unpredictable and not fully understood.

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