By Laurie J. Reitsema, Joseph W. Lanning, Geoffrey Mlongoti, Nafe Mlongoti

In our homes, parrot owners continually strive to provide birds with the proper balance of stimulation, privacy, independence, and companionship, as well as proper nutrition. However, what is ‘proper’ varies with each species’ evolutionary history, parrots having evolved particular biological and social needs in response to their natural habitats. The amount of information available about parrots’ natural habitats has hardly kept pace with our interest in knowing more, and answers to questions of care for parrots more often are rooted in aviculture than in ethology (the science of animal behaviour in natural settings).

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